底水油层水平井产液剖面均衡性评价     

陈阳  张松  刘国亮  马德材  郭金城  邓国利  王绍先 《地质科技情报》2016,(4):111-114

胜利油田开采底水特征高含水油层的水平井数量多,其中油层向水平井非均衡供液现象普遍。为评价此类水平井产液剖面均衡性,量化其生产动态改善潜力,定义了产液剖面基尼系数GN,并结合现场案例介绍其计算方法,随后统计胜利油田60口样本井,分析GN对见水时间tRL和底水突破前累积产油量QRL的影响,最后据此对GN分级。计算和分析结果表明:GN可以整体表征实际非均衡产液剖面偏离理想均衡产液剖面的程度,通常取值0~1之间,数值越大,均衡性越差;划分GN0.1为产液剖面不均衡,其样本井数54口,占比90%,以理想均衡产液状态为基准,tRL和QRL分别至少有100%和69.5%的提升潜力。  相似文献   

Quantifying fracture geometry with X-ray tomography: Technique of Iterative Local Thresholding (TILT) for 3D image segmentation     

Hang Deng  Jeffrey P. Fitts  Catherine A. Peters 《Computational Geosciences》2016,20(1):231-244

This paper presents a new method—the Technique of Iterative Local Thresholding (TILT)—for processing 3D X-ray computed tomography (xCT) images for visualization and quantification of rock fractures. The TILT method includes the following advancements. First, custom masks are generated by a fracture-dilation procedure, which significantly amplifies the fracture signal on the intensity histogram used for local thresholding. Second, TILT is particularly well suited for fracture characterization in granular rocks because the multi-scale Hessian fracture (MHF) filter has been incorporated to distinguish fractures from pores in the rock matrix. Third, TILT wraps the thresholding and fracture isolation steps in an optimized iterative routine for binary segmentation, minimizing human intervention and enabling automated processing of large 3D datasets. As an illustrative example, we applied TILT to 3D xCT images of reacted and unreacted fractured limestone cores. Other segmentation methods were also applied to provide insights regarding variability in image processing. The results show that TILT significantly enhanced separability of grayscale intensities, outperformed the other methods in automation, and was successful in isolating fractures from the porous rock matrix. Because the other methods are more likely to misclassify fracture edges as void and/or have limited capacity in distinguishing fractures from pores, those methods estimated larger fracture volumes (up to 80 %), surface areas (up to 60 %), and roughness (up to a factor of 2). These differences in fracture geometry would lead to significant disparities in hydraulic permeability predictions, as determined by 2D flow simulations.  相似文献   

Degrading river network due to urbanization in Yangtze River Delta   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Longfei Han  Youpeng Xu  Chaogui Lei  Liu Yang  Xiaojun Deng  Chunsheng Hu  Guanglai Xu 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(6):694-706

Evolution of river systems under the background of human activities has been a heated topic among geographers and hydrologists. Spatial and temporal variations of river systems during the 1960s–2010s in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) were investigated based on streams derived from the topographic maps in the 1960s, 1980s and 2010s. A list of indices, drainage density (Dd), water surface ratio (WSR), ratio of area to length of main streams (R), evolution coefficient of tributaries (K) and box dimension (D), were classified into three types (quantitative, structural, and complex indices) and used to quantify the variations of stream structure. Results showed that: (1) quantitative indices (Dd, WSR) presented decreasing trend in the past 50 years, and Dd in Wuchengxiyu, Hangjiahu and Yindongnan have decreased most, about 20%. Structurally, the Qinhuai River basin was characterized by significant upward R, and K value in Hangjiahu went down dramatically by 46.8% during the 1960s–2010s. Decreasing tendency in D was found dominating across the YRD, and decreasing magnitude in Wuchengxiyu and Hangjiahu peaks for 7.8% and 6.5%, respectively in the YRD. (2) Urbanization affected the spatial pattern of river system, and areas with high level of urbanization exhibited least Dd (2.18 km/km²), WSR (6.52%), K (2.64) and D (1.42), compared to moderate and low levels of urbanization. (3) Urbanization also affected the evolution of stream system. In the past 50 years, areas with high level of urbanization showed compelling decreasing tendency in quantitative (27.2% and 19.3%) and complex indices (4.9%) and trend of enlarging of main rivers (4.5% and 7.9% in periods of the 1960s–1980s and the 1980s–2010s). In the recent 30 years, areas with low level of urbanization were detected with significant downward trend in Dd and K. (4) Expanding of urban land, construction of hydraulic engineering and irrigation and water conservancy activities were the main means which degraded the river system in the YRD.  相似文献   

Study on biogenic amines in various dry salted fish consumed in China     

WU Yanyan  CHEN Yufeng  LI Laihao  YANG Xianqing  YANG Shaoling  LIN Wanling  ZHAO Yongqiang  DENG Jianchao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2016,15(4):681-689

This study was carried out to investigate the biogenic amines（BAs）, physicochemical property and microorganisms in dry salted fish, a traditional aquatic food consumed in China. Forty three samples of dry salted fish were gathered from retail and wholesale markets and manufacturers, which had been produced in various regions in China. Cadaverine（CAD） and putrescine（PUT） were quantitatively the most common biogenic amines. About 14% of the samples exceeded the histamine content standards established by the FDA and/or EU. The highest histamine content was found in Silver pomfret（Pampus argenteus）(347.79 mg kg^-1). Five of forty three samples exceeded the acceptable content of TYR(100 mg kg^-1), and 23.26% of dried-salted fish contained high contents of biogenic amines(above 600 mg kg^-1). In addition, species, regions, pickling processes and drying methods made the physicochemical property, microorganisms and biogenic amines in dry salted fish to be different to some extents. The total plate count（TPC） was much higher than that of total halophilic bacteria in all samples. The biogenic amines, physicochemical property and microbiological counts exhibited large variations among samples. Furthermore, no significant correlation between biogenic amines and physicochemical property and TPC was observed. This study indicated that dry salted fish may still present healthy risk for BAs, depending on the processing methods, storage conditions among others.  相似文献   

Effects of Mudstone Particle Content on Shear Strength of a Crushed Sandstone–Mudstone Particle Mixture     

Jun-Jie Wang  Zhen-Feng Qiu  Wen-Jie Deng  Hui-Ping Zhang 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2016,34(4):395-402

The present study focuses on the shear strength, deformation, and particle crushing of sand which is mixed by crushed sandstone and mudstone particles. Two triaxial tests—one for unsaturated specimens and the other for saturated specimens—were performed, along with sieve analysis tests. Results obtained from the triaxial tests indicate that, with the increment of the mudstone particle content by weight, the angle of internal friction decreases, the cohesion increases and then decreases, and both the initial angle of shearing resistance at the atmospheric pressure and decremental angle increase and then decrease. Compared to the unsaturated specimens, the deviator stress or normalized deviator stress of the saturated specimens at the same axial stress may decrease due to the wetting action. Thus, the shear strength of the tested materials may be reduced by the wetting action. Results of sieve analysis tests indicate that the mixing of some mudstone particles into the sandstone particle mixture may reduce the amount of particle crushing, but the wetting action may increase the amount. The amount of the crushed particle may arrive at a minimum of 40% of mudstone particle content by weight.  相似文献   

Analysis of urbanization based on center-of-gravity movement and characteristics in Songhua River basin of China and its southern source sub-basin between 1990 and 2010     

Xiao Fu  Yuan Shen  Rencai Dong  Hongbing Deng  Gang Wu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2016,26(1):117-128

Urbanization in modern times led to a series of development strategies that brought new opportunities in China. Rapid urbanization caused severe stress to the ecosystems and the environment. Using the center-of-gravity(COG) method and parameters such as population, economy, and land, we studied the urbanization pattern in Songhua River Basin and its southern source sub-basin from 1990 to 2010. Urbanization was analyzed based on the COG position, eccentric distance, movement direction of COG, and distance of COG movement. Various characteristics of urbanization in the southern source sub-basin of the Songhua River were explained in relation to the whole Songhua River Basin. Urbanization in the southern source sub-basin of the Songhua River is balanced, relatively advanced, and stable compared to the whole Songhua River Basin. The average eccentric distance between the urbanization COGs in the Songhua River′s south source basin indicated rapid expansion of land urbanization during the span of this study. A basic pattern of urbanization COG in the whole Songhua Basin was observed, but there existed differences among the three aspects of urbanization process. Land urbanization is still in its active stage, so future studies should focus on analysis of such urbanization trends.  相似文献   

Distribution and geochemical significance of trace elements in shale rocks and their residual kerogens     

Jian-bing Xu  Bin Cheng  Qian Deng  Yun-gan Liang  Oluwabamise Lekan Faboya  Ze-wen Liao 《中国地球化学学报》2018,37(6):886-900

There is a dearth of information about the distribution of trace elements in kerogen from shale rocks despite several reports on trace element composition in many shale samples. In this study, trace elements in shale rocks and their residual kerogens were determined by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. The results from this study show redox-sensitive elements relatively concentrated in the kerogens as compared to the shales. This may be primarily due to the adsorption and complexation ability of kerogen, which enables enrichment in Ni, Co, Cu, and Zn. For the rare earth elements (REEs), distinct distribution characteristics were observed for shales dominated by terrigenous minerals and their kerogen counterparts. However, shales with less input of terrigenous minerals showed similar REE distribution patterns to their residual kerogen. It is speculated that the distribution patterns of the REEs in shales and kerogens may be source-related.  相似文献   

The morphological characteristics of gully systems and watersheds in Dry-Hot Valley,SW China     

Zhen Xu  Fachao Qin  Bin Zhang  Qingchun Deng  Hui Liu  Jie Jin  Liangtao Shi 《中国地球化学学报》2018,37(6):854-866

Gully systems and watersheds are geomorphic units with clear boundaries that are relatively independent of basin landscapes and play an important role in natural geography. In order to explore the morphological characteristics of gully systems and watersheds in the Dry-Hot Valley [South West (SW) China], gullies are interpreted from online Google images with high resolution and watersheds are extracted from digital elevation model at a scale of 1:50,000. The results show that: (1) There are 17,382 gullies (with a total area of 1141.66 km²) and 42 watersheds in the study area. (2) The average gully density of the study area (D) is 4.29 km/km², gully frequency (F) is 14.39 gullies/km², the branching ratio (B) is 5.13, the length ratio (L) is 3.12, and the coefficient of the main and tributary gullies (M) is 0.06. The degree of gully erosion is strong to extremely strong, the main development intensity of gully erosion ranges from intense to moderate, and the type of gully system is tributary. (3) The watershed areas (A) are between 0.39 and 96.43 km², the relief ratio (R) is from 0.10 to 0.19, the circularity ratio (C) is from 0.30 to 0.83, the texture ratio (T) is from 0.82 to 39.35, and the dominant geomorphological texture type is fine. (4) There is a quantitative relationship between F and D:F?=?0.624D² (R?=0.84) and T is closely related to D, F, M (R²?>?0.7). A, R and C are related to M (R²?>?0.5). The development of gully systems is the result of coupling effects between multiple factors. In this area, the degree of erosion and the condition of the main and tributary gullies can be controlled by the degree of topographic breakage in the watershed, which provides some theoretical basis for the evaluation of gully erosion by the latter. In addition, the scale, relief, and shape have a significant impact on the locations of the main and tributary gullies. For tributary gullies, attention should be paid to the interception and control of runoff and sediment in the small confluence branches in order to prevent gully expansion and head advance. These features can inform the development of targeted measures for the control of soil erosion.  相似文献   

贵州遵义二叠纪锰矿气液喷口群的发现及地质意义   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

汪洋  刘志臣  陈登  钟月丽  秦先进 《贵州地质》2018,35(2):81-87,95

在通过对遵义市锰矿整装勘查区及周边所有探矿工程资料整理、分析研究的基础上,结合野外大比例尺专项地质填图、剖面实测和测试的成果。将贵州遵义二叠系锰矿与华南古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床成矿理论进行详细对比,认为遵义锰矿总体是"内生外成",成锰物质主体来自地幔,遵义锰矿属"古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床",借鉴古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床的成矿理论和研究方法,运用遵义锰矿裂陷槽盆地结构的划分、同沉积断裂的识别和中心相、过渡相和边缘相判别标志,在断陷盆地中喷溢口及附近,发现矿石及其顶底板具有古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床独有的结构构造、同位素、生物组合等特征。研究认为遵义成锰盆地至少存在5个气液渗漏喷溢口,分布于Ⅲ级断陷盆地内,每一个喷溢口构成一个相对独立的气液渗漏喷溢沉积成矿系统,遵义锰矿床是形成由若干个气液渗漏喷溢沉积成矿子系统构成的沉积成矿系统。贵州遵义二叠纪锰矿成矿的气液渗漏喷溢口的发现,对遵义锰矿"内生外成"成因研究提供了宏观地质证据,为建立深部锰矿找矿预测模型提供了重要依据,为研究遵义锰矿的古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床成矿系统具有重要意义。  相似文献   

贵州遵义深溪大型锰矿床主要地质特征          下载免费PDF全文

汪洋  刘志臣  陈登  钟月丽  秦先进 《贵州地质》2018,35(4):357-362

贵州遵义地区是我国二叠纪锰矿的重要分布区之一,深溪锰矿是遵义地区继铜锣井锰矿发现的第二个大型隐伏锰矿床。本文结合深溪锰矿找矿实践,详细总结了深溪锰矿床地层、构造、矿石等特征,并对锰矿的矿床成因进行了探讨。研究表明,深溪锰矿严格受地层层位控制,呈层状、似层状产于二叠纪茅口组第三段浅灰至灰黑色含锰岩系中,矿石矿物主要为菱锰矿,含少量黄铜矿、重晶石、毒砂等矿物,矿石为块状、斑杂状、角砾状构造,自然类型为碳酸锰矿石,工业类型为贫锰矿、富锰矿。分析认为深溪锰矿为深部的气液成矿物质喷溢至地堑盆地中沉积成矿,为"内生外成"的"古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床"。  相似文献